what kind of backlight led par cans to get for concert touring?

There are five main types of generic lanterns in the world of phase lighting:

1) Overflowing

This is the simplest type of lantern, consisting of a lamp and a reflector in a box, with no lens. The reflector concentrates the light towards the opening in the box. There is no control over the focussing of a overflowing, other than its general management. Some floods have an asymmetric / directional reflector and are designed to calorie-free cycloramas. Older type symmetrical floods use standard ES (Edison Spiral) or GES (Giant Edison Screw) filament lamps. The newer asymmetrical reflector floods (often chosenCyc Floods) use linear lamps (to ensure an fifty-fifty cover across the reflector). Floods are often bachelor in battens (a number of individually-controllable floods in a unmarried box) which tin can have unlike gels, so that colour mixing is easier. Floods such as the Coda 4 Batten (4 x 500W linear floods) have four separate cables and units can exist daisy-chained together up to the maximum load each dimmer circuit tin can have.
The shape of the lantern defines the beam shape, and the shadow of the edge of the lantern will exist visible at the border of the beam. This works well when y'all are using the overflowing directly in front of a wall or cloth, to which it is perpendicular. If you use the flood from the side or at an angle to a piece of set, the border of the calorie-free will be visible and there will be sharp lines seen on the set.
Although floods were used as the predominant on-stage light source for many years, they are not really suitable for this kind of use in modernistic theatre considering the beam is likewise wide and produces unwanted low-cal in the wings, masking and all over the set. They should but be used for a specific effect or for lighting prepare.
Safety Notation: If your flood has no protective glass or lens, we recommend you use a colour frame with articulate gel to provide some protection in example the lamp shatters.
Encounter also Lighting with LEDs.
Floods on the Backstage Heritage Collection Archive

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2) Fresnel

The Fresnel (pronounced "Frennel") is a soft-edged spotlight with more control over axle bending than floods, only less control than profiles.
The lens is a series of stepped concentric circles on the front and pebbled on the back and is named after its French inventor, Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827). He developed the lens for French lighthouses so that they could be seen further out to sea and could achieve a longer focal length with a lot less glass than a standard plano-convex lens. It was starting time used in stage lighting in the tardily 1920s.
The size of the beam can be adjusted by moving the lamp and reflector closer to or further from the lens, either past a screw mechanism or a simple slide. The axle can exist shaped by the four barndoors attached to the forepart of the lantern.
Fresnels on the Backstage Heritage Collection Archive

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3) P.C. (Pebble Convex / Prism Convex)

The PC is common in Europe, but is rarely seen in the US. The basic design of this lantern dates back to the starting time days of stage lighting, but the modern version has one important difference. This lantern uses a modified plano-convex lens with a pebbled result on the plano (flat) side. The pebbled consequence gives the beam its characteristic soft edge. The edge of the axle is slightly harder than a Fresnel, but is non hard edged. The pebble convex lens uses the efficiency of the plano convex lens and gives the light a softer border. Like a Fresnel, at that place is ane focussing knob to alter the axle bending, and barndoors are used to shape the beam.
PCs on the Backstage Heritage Collection Archive

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4) Profile

Profile lanterns produce clearly defined spots of light (difficult-edged or soft-edged) and are the nigh focussable and versatile of the lanterns. They have a lens (some have two lenses), a lamp and a reflector, and they also accept shutters and a gate.
Profiles get their name from their ability to project the shape of annihilation placed in the gate of the lantern betwixt the lamp and the lens. These shapes may exist formed past the shutters, or they may be cut out of thin metal (a "gobo" – see below). The shutters are a more flexible (and accurate) version of the barndoors which tin can be used on Fresnels or PCs. You can't use barndoors on a profile as the shutters practice a better task, and the way the eyes of the profile work, the barndoors would non work anyway.

Some profiles with only one lens have 2 sets of shutters, one of which gives a hard edge to the beam, and one which gives a softer edge. These are known as bifocal profiles.
Profiles with two lenses (zoom profiles) are all-time for projecting gobos and other shapes, as the size and sharpness of the beam is fully adaptable throughout the beam bending range of the lantern.
A zoom profile lantern is known by the range of its beam angle (due east.grand. Prelude xvi/30, Cantata 18/32 are both zoom profiles from Strand Lighting's range).
The axle size can be reduced even further past the use of an iris diaphragm. This is inserted into the gate of the profile (where the gobo holder would go, and so both can't be used together) and features an adaptable aperture which tin can cut the beam down to almost nothing.

A Leko is an ellipsoidal profile spot. Lekos are much more common in the US than the Zoom Profiles nosotros tend to adopt in the United kingdom. They are of stock-still beam bending. The name Leko is a wrinkle of the original manufacturer'due south names (Joseph Levy and Edward F. Kook – founders of Century Lighting). Leko's were originally patented in 1933, and are nevertheless manufactured today by Strand Lighting (which at present owns Century Lighting).
Ellipsoidal profile spots are sometimes known as ERS (Ellipsoidal Reflector Spots).
A Source 4 isouth a type of oblong profile which uses a particularly designed 575W lamp which improves the efficiency of the eyes, and has more than low-cal output than a standard 1kW lamp. The lamp and fixture were designed by Entertec (David Cunningham and Greg Esakoff), and the fixture is manufactured by ETC.

Gobos

Gobos are metallic cutouts or metallic etched onto glass, which are used in a gobo holder to project a divers shape or ii break upward a axle in a detail pattern.
More information almost Gobos.

A followspot is a special type of profile lantern with additional controls, extra handles, sights, born colour changer and iris, and is usually of much higher power.
Followspot Tips and Tricks
Page nigh Super Trouper followspots

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five) Parcan

Strand Lighting Parblazers (1980s)

Par64 Parcan

This lantern starting time came into use in the late 1960s (introduced in the Britain by concert rent visitor ESP in 1968) in the Stone & Coil manufacture. It chop-chop constitute favour due to the relative cheapness of the lantern, the weight and the ease of focussing. The lantern itself is but a "tin can" in which the PAR lamp is contained (hence "Parcan"). The PAR (Parabolic Aluminised Reflector) lamps are available in a range of axle angles (see table beneath), depending on the amount of diffusion on the front lens of the lamp. The lamp is a sealed beam unit consisting of a lamp, reflector and lens in one.
Considering the light produced can be very intense, Parcans are peculiarly suited to strong colours or for special issue. Be aware that deep colours can burn out apace at full intensity.

The beam produced past a Parcan is an project of the filament of the lamp, and this can sometimes be seen (equally shadowed lines beyond the axle) in the Narrow lamps. The beam is an elliptical shape because of the shape of the filament, and tin can be rotated simply by rotating the lamp. Access to the lamp is via the rear of the lantern.
Although they're not widely used, barndoor accessories are available for Parcans. They're non as constructive at cutting off the beam than they are on a Fresnel or a PC, only can still help tidy the edge of the beam. Parcans are non suitable to use for general wash lighting except for music or comedy venues where the amount of calorie-free and splodgy beam are not a problem.

Many venues are replacing Parcans with LED units equally they are far more free energy efficient, and enable an (most) infinite variety of colours to be produced.
Encounter Lighting with LEDs for more data.

LEDJ RGB Parcan

CP60, CP61, CP62 Par64 Lamps

PARCAN LAMP SIZES

The size of the parcan is given by a number which relates to the bore of the lens in eighths of an inch. The near common is the Par64 1000W. Other sizes are the Par xvi (used in Birdies (run across below), and at present superceded past the MR 16 dichroic lamp), Par 36, Par 38 (150W), Par 56 (300W). There are many variations of lens and wattage within a given size bracket.

PARCAN BEAM ANGLES (Par 64)
Name	1000W	500W	Volts	Beam Angle
Extra Wide Flood (Frequently known as EXG)	??		120	seventy°
Extra Broad Flood (Ofttimes known equally EXG)	CP95	CP??	240	lxx 10 70°
Broad Flood	FFS/No.vi		120	??°
Medium Flood	FFR/No.five		120	24°
Medium Flood	CP62	CP88	240	11 x 24°
Narrow Spot	FFP/No.2		120	14°
Narrow Spot	CP61	CP87	240	10 10 14°
Very Narrow Spot	FFN/No.ane		120	10°
Very Narrow Spot	CP60	CP86	240	nine x 12°

Although the 240V lamps are most oftentimes used in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, 110V PAR lamps are ofttimes used in big Uk venues or for touring due to the increased light output. Because the current is greater, the lower voltage lamps take smaller thicker filaments which requite a more focussed beam than the thinner 240V filaments. A 'series splitter' is used to connect 2 110V Parcans into a 240V supply.

Standard parcan lamps take a GX16d cap.

OTHER Beam ANGLES
PAR 36 (pin spots) – beam angle effectually 5°
PAR 46
PAR 56

Baboon

Birdie (PAR16)

A birdie is a miniature lantern that's platonic for hiding in small parts of a set or along the downstage border of the stage. It provides a surprisingly bright soft-edged pool of low-cal. Although the beam is sometimes unevenly spread, the benefits of having a dial of calorie-free where no normal lantern can go are massive.

Where does the name come up from? Well, you see the birdie looks a footling similar a parcan, only is a lot smaller? Yous could say, it'south "One under Par" – which, as every golfer knows, is called a "birdie".

The baboon is a uses a PAR16 lamp (i.eastward. the lamp is a reflector lamp which is 16 eighths of an inch across = 2 inches or 50mm).
In the UK, Birdies normally take MR16 lamps, which are 12 volts. Each birdie then has a transformer connected to information technology to feed information technology with the correct voltage. 230 volt versions are also available.
In the USA, Birdies commonly take 120 volt lamps.

The MR16 lamp has a dichroic reflector which does not reflect heat along with light – the heat dissipates through the reflector and out of the rear of the light plumbing equipment. This means the beam from a birdie is much cooler than that from a standard theatre lantern, making it much more than suitable for sensitive areas (e.g. museums, old buildings).

> More than about the Birdie, including a bully article nigh its' history

SOME BIRDIE BEAM ANGLES (MR16)

Name	Wattage	Volts	Beam Angle
FMT	35W	12	15°
FMW	35W	12	38°
EXT	50W	12	10°
EXZ	50W	12	24°
EXN	50W	12	38°
FNV	50W	12	60°
EYF	75W	12	14°
EYC	75W	12	38°
EZK (The states)	150W	120	32°

There are a massive range of MR16 lamps bachelor due to their widespread employ in a lot of industries. Check manufacturers websites for more information.

• GE Lighting
• Philips
• Sylvania

© Copyright Jon Primrose 2001-20
Thank you to Cris Dopher for additional information.

More Information

• Lighting Topic page
• Lighting with LEDs

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